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Background
The Arm® Cortex®-A55 is the next generation of low-power application processors from Arm. It departs from the original Cortex-A53/A57/72/35 architecture with a completely new system architecture called DynamIQ. The DynamIQ architecture is also used for the latest cores such as the Cortex-A76.
Overview
This class is structured around three main topics:
Two thirds of this class is Arm material focussing primarily on the processor's details, the remaining part is provided by Doulos to augment the value of the content and provide a more rounded training class.
C programming for Embedded Systems training is also available from Doulos.
A carefully crafted combination of content from Arm and Doulos will be used to provide exhaustive coverage of all of the essential topics required to achieve the learning objectives.
Privilege levels • AArch64 registers • A64 Instruction Set • AArch64 Exception Model • AArch64 Memory Model
Cortex-A55 overview • Caches organization • Caches policies • Cache configuration • Translation lookaside buffer specifications • Memory prefetch • Non-temporal loads/stores • ECC and parity error detection
Registers • Loads and stores • Data processing and control flow • Scalar floating-point and SIMD • Armv8.2
Synchronization background • Enforced atomicity • Measured atomicity • Local and global exclusive monitors
The AArch64 exception model • Interrupts • Synchronous exceptions •
SError • exceptions • Exceptions in EL2 and EL3
Booting an Arm DynamIQ processor in AArch64 • Booting multi-core and multi-processor systems • Real-world booting
General Cache Information • Cache Attributes • Cache Maintenance Operations • Cache Discovery
Memory Management theory • Stage 1 Translations at EL1/0 • Translations at EL2 / EL3 • TLB maintenance
Types • Attributes • Alignment and endianness • Upper page descriptor bits
Data barriers • Instruction barriers • DynamIQ and Neoverse extensions
Why do we need a Secure environment? • Software stack • System architecture
Introduction to coherency • Coherency details - multi-core processors • Coherency details - multi-processor systems
Introduction • Armv8-A Recap • Virtualization Host Extensions
DynamIQ Shared Unit • CPU bridges • CPU Caches • DSU snoop filter and L3 • L3 Cache allocation • DSU memory interfaces • Debug and trace • Power management
Semihosting / retargeting • Mixing C/C++ and assembly • Application Startup • Tailoring image memory map to your target • Accessing memory mapped peripherals • Additional considerations
Basic Compilation • Compiler Optimizations • Coding Considerations • Local and Global Data Issues
Introduction • Performance Monitoring Hardware: PMU • Cycle Accurate Trace: Trace • Macrocells • Streamline Performance Analysis
Linking Basics • System and User Libraries • Linker Script • Veneer and Interworking • Linker Optimizations and Diagnostics • GNU Embedded Development Libraries
Introduction to Debug • Types of Debug • Debug Facilities • External Debug • Self-hosted Debug • CoreSight • Debug Features • Trace
The learning is reinforced with unique Lab Exercises using an Armv8-A 64 bit instruction set simulator and covering assembly programming, exception handling and setting up the caches and MMU.
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